ARC stud welding involves the same basic principles and metallurgical aspects as any other arc welding procedure. The weld gun lifts the stud a short distance from the base metal and initiates a controlled electric arc from the power source. This melts the end of the stud and a portion of the base metal. The gun then thrusts the stud into the molten metal. A high quality fusion weld is accomplished where the weld is stronger than the stud itself. 

Before welding, a ceramic ferrule or "arc shield" is placed around the tip of the stud. The arc shield holds the molten metal in place during the weld and reduces the amount of weld splatter. After the weld is complete, the arc shield is cracked off (usually by striking it with a hammer or some other heavy object). On smaller diameter studs, a special gas attachment on the welding gun can be used instead of an arc shield. Argon gas is heavier than air, and is used to hold the molten metal in place during the weld cycle.

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